Square



l. DION SQUARE Jung 13, 1933.

Filed June 18, 1950 Patented J une 13, 1933 PATENrl Orl-Icev ISAIE DION,OFSWANSEA, MASSACHUSETTS f SQARE .Application filed June This inventionrelates tojimprovements in squares and particularly to squares inpvwhichthe blade and tongue members `are p'ivotallyr connected so vas to befoldeditogether ina compact form. f l y The inventionturther consists inattach` ing one of the members of an i auxiliary square along one of themembers of a main square vhavingfpivoted blade j and tongue 19 membersto facilitate in calculating for length and angles in roof constructionand other angular constructions involving length andangles. Thisarrangement of a main square andan auxiliary square asishown affords aquick means for computing rafter` lengths, and the like, in roofconstructions as well as giving therequired angles for cutting thevarious roof members. y v

rlhe invention further consists"V of improved connecting means betweenrthe various elements and various novel features of constructionandarrangement ofparts here-- inafter shown, described and claimed.

In the drawing forming part'of this speci*- ication, like characters ofreferencel designate corresponding parts yin the several yiigures, inwhich- Y f Figure 1 is al plan view of a main square and an auxiliarysquare embodying features of this invention, with membersof the mainsquare at right'angles to'each other and indicated in two differentangular positions showing the use of the square and attached auxiliarysquarev asit is particularly adapt- 53 ed for use in connection withframing a roofV of abuilding,

Figure 2 is an enlarged plan View, corresponding to a portion of Figure1, of the hinged portion Aof the square with the blade and tongue atright angles to eachother, i ,i

Figure 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FigureI'1,

Figure4 is -a cross sectional viewtaken on line 4 4 of Figure 2, Y i fFigure 5 is an enlarged edge view'of'a porn" tion of the blade member,

Figure 6 is a detail sectional View taken on line 6 6 of Figure 2,

Figure 7 is a detail 'view of a' clamping member which may be used tohold the blade 1930. serial'ivo. 462,038.

of the auxiliaryy square against the blade `o1:

the main square when desired.

b Figure' 8 is an end view of the blade mem-y line 9 9 of Figure 1. Y

i Referring to vthe drawing, the reference character 10 broadlydesignates the main square whichhas a blade 11 and a tongue 12 thatareconnected by means of a pivot 13, as 50 shown in Figure y1. A smallerauxiliary square 14 having blade and tongue members 15 and 16 may besecured to the main square by means o1 a pair of clamping membersgenerally designated by numerals 17.`

The main square in its preferred' 'form is made with itsblade member 11,24 long and 2 Wide and tongue member 12', 16 in effective length and 1%.widel after a Standard practice with carpenters squares, The 70 outeredge ofthe blade and tongue members 18 and 19 respectively and `inneredge 2() of the tongue member may be provided with standard scales, asshown jig. Both mem# bers as .shown are preferably of materia-l' 1/8 15-thick and the. blade member has secured thereto bymeans of rivets 21 orthe like, extra pieces of material, 22 at its outer end, and 23extending, fromv the inner end of piece 22 to the other end of theblade. Member 23 is 80 provided with anfarcuate port-ion at 24 beveleddownwardly andoutwardly asshown at 2.5. This arcuate portion of piece 23is concentric with a pivot point 26, 1 in from the end and 1'in from theouter edge 18 of the 85 blade. The tongue member 12 is formed with anextended beveled portion 27 corresponding with the arcuate portionofmem- -ber 23`and in whichit is seated and adapted to swing sogas to bein full open position as 00 indicated at 28 in Figure 1 or when infolded position to engage the recess 29 in the blade member as providedfor by members 22 and Referring to Figuresl 2and 4 particularly, 05

the pivot member 13 for 'securing'the blade 11 and tongue 12 in swingingrelationship is shown as comprising a bushing member 30 seated inthetongue member. This bushing member extends downwardly into blade 11 10Figure 9 is a cross sectional .view taken on 55 y iarysquare to tongue12 of the main square for locking them together.

as shown at 31 and is provided with an extending flange 32 co-operatingwith an enlargement in the opening in the tongue member for receivingthe bushing member. The bushing member has a concentric aperture 33which is beveled at 34. A rivet member 35 having its head 36 seated in acorresponding aperture in the'blade 11 and its central portion 37extending through the opening 33 of bushing member 30 with its endriveted into the beveled portion 34 of the bushing member completes thepivot member for the tongue and blade of the main square.

As in my former Patent No. 1,477,210 of March 18, 192-2, when 'the bladeand tongue members are closed a screw 38 is used to lock the memberstogether. This screw is cut away at 39 and the tongue recessed at 40 toreceive the edge of the screw when it is turned down tight upon thetongue and blade By turning the screw. until the cut away portion 39 isin the position as shown in Figure 1 the tongue is released and may beswung outwardly around pivot 13.

In order to lock the blade and tongue of the main square at variousangles with respect to each other the blade is provided with an arcuatebeveled slot 41, as best shown in Figures 2 and 6, in concentricrelation with pivot point 26 and the tongue is provided with a threadedopening 42 for receiving the threaded shank of a screw -43 which has itshead seated in said slot 41. By turning Screw'43 in or out the tonguemay be secured from turning or released so as to swing on :pvot 13. Theslot is preferably countersunk .020 deeper at its end 44 for receivingthe head of the screw 43 and more positively maintaining the blade andtongue members intheir right-angular position.

Blade member 11 is provided with a scale 45 extending centrally alongthe line of pivot point 26, which scale is divided into a le scale forthe purpose of computing rafter i lengths and the like in conjunctionwith auxiliary square 14 when it is attached to the tongue `member 12.In order to attach the auxiliary square to tongue 12 of the main squarethe tongue is is provided with a series of apertures 46, threebeingshown spaced two inches from center to center. These apertures areof the character shown in Figure 3, formed to receive flanged bushingmembers 47 having extending shank portions 48 which are adapted toengage in the apertures 49 in tongue member 16 of the auxiliary square14; tongue member16 is provided with three apertures 49 arranged twoinches from center tocenter. A screw 50 is adapted .to engage tonguemember 16 and have its shank 51 threaded through the bushing 47.;twosuch bushings and screw members are employed for securing the tongueof the auxilwith its outer edge 52 coincident with the outer edge 19 oftongue 12.

Auxiliary square 14 is preferably formed with its tongue portion 9 longand blade portion 13 long and each of these members is 1 in width and ofa suitable thickness, preferably 1/8. Both the inner and outer edges oftongue 16 and blade 15 are provided with le scales so as to co-operatewith scale 45 on blade member 11 of the main square.

It will be noted that when tongue 16 of the auxiliary square is securedto tongue 12 of the main square the scale along the inner edge 53 oftongue 16 will be in direct alignment with pivot point 26 of the membersof the main square. The apertures in these members are so arranged thatthe distance from pivot point 26 to the inner end 54 of the scale alongedge 53 is 12 and from said pivot point to the outer edge of blade 15-at55 is 13 with the auxiliary square secured to tongue 11 of the mainsquare as shown in the angular position indicated at 55. The auxiliarysquare is shown in an extended position on the tongue 11 as shown withthe tongue in the position indicated at 56; in this position it isextended 4 further,-the inner portion of the scale along edge 53 being16" from pivot point 26 and point 55 on the outer edge of the blade, 17from said pivot point. By means of the three apertures in each of thetongue members, 11 and 16, the auxiliary square can be placed in threedifferent positions thereon so that by using the points 54 and 55 asreference points lengths correspending to 12 and 13 feet in the firstposition, 14 and 15 feet in the second position and 16 and 17 feet inthe third position may be secured as will hereinafter be explained.

Auxiliary square 14 preferably has portions of its ends cut at angles.Blade 15 is shown having a 45O or miter cut.57 which is most commonlyused in general carpenter work; the end of tongue 16 is cut 221/2" orOctagon cut as indicated at 58, this cut being convenient for cuttingmaterial for Octagon formations but being less common than the mitercut.

In operation the main square 10 may have its blade and tongue membersfolded together and secured by means of screw 38 or the tongue may beswung on the pivot 13 and locked at any desired angle by means of screw43 engaging the beveled arcuate slot 41 or the deeper counter-sunkportion thereof as heretofore fully set forth.

When it is desired to compute for rafters or other roof members theauxiliary square 14 is secured to the main square 10. Assuming it isdesired to compute the rafters and angles of an ordinary hip roof 24wide the auxiliary square is attached to the main square so that thedistance from pivot point 26 to point 54 of the scale along edge '53 oftongue 16 is 12 corresponding to 12', that is, one half of lao krei-3,919

the 24 width. If the pitc-h of the roof is 12- the scale along edge 59being 12 corresponds to the 12 pitch where the 12 mark or end at 60coincides with scale 45, which scale Vstarts V,and said member with thearcuateslot being at pivot point 26 as its end, it indicates the rafterlength approximately 17. Again as-` suming the same width roof and apitch of 8 the tongue 12 is swung so thatthe scale along edge 59 engagesscale 45 with the 8 mark of the scale along edge 59 coincident withscale 45 and the corresponding rafter length may be read directlytherefrom,-approximately 145. When the members are set to give therafter length the tongue and blade members of the main square may besecured in such position by means of screw 43 and an auxiliary clamp 61shown in Figure 7, comprising a spring 62, engaging members 63 and aclamping screw 64 which may be placed so as to engage the blade members11 and 15 in order to more securely hold the members in their requiredposition. The blade and tongue members 11 and 12 may be provided withrafter and hip and valley protractor scales 65 and 66 respectively orany other type of protractor scales may be used in place thereof ifdesired.

It will be noted that with the present arrangement of the main squareand auxiliary square roofs varying from 24 to 34 in width may bedirectly computed and various roof angles readily obtained with theauxiliary square secured in place in the three different positions asprovided for by means of the pair of fastening members 17 and either theinner edge scale at 59 or the scale on the outer edge at 67 is employedin co-operation with scale 45 as may be required.

In the foregoing description the use of the squares for computing roofmeasurements has been set forth in considerable detail. However it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to the use of thesquares for roofing computations for which it has been specificallydesigned but may be employed in other computations of a similarcharacter. Obviously the specific construction and arrangement of partsmay be modified and various changes may be made in the form, arrangementand organization of parts as may fairly fall within the scope of theinvention as claimed.

What is claimed as the invention and is desired to be secured by LettersPatent is 1. A square comprising blade and tongue members pivoted toeach other at their meeting ends, said blade member being formed with arecess into which the tongue member may be received as a whole lwhen itis swung into a folded position, a screw carried by the blade memberadapted to engage the end of the tongue remote fromthe pivot when themembers are closed upon each other for securing themy together, one ofthe members having an arcuate slot concentric with the pivot, a screwpassing through said slot'and as to fasten the members'in any-desiredangular relationship with respect to'eachother,

countersunk at one yend of said"v slot to aii'ord a deeper seat forengagement with the head of said screw so that the members may bepositively loclredwhen they areswung to right angles with respect toeach other. l f 2.A square comprising -blade and tongue members, a pivotfor connectingsaid members, one of said members being provided with anarcuate slotconcentric with said pivot, the other of said members havinga threaded' opening therein, -a VVscrew 'extending through said slot inthe `iirstfnamed member engaging in the threaded opening of the secondnamed member and adapted to have its head seated in said slot vso as tosecure the blade'andtongue-members in the desired angular relationshipto each other, and said memberwith the arcuate slot having a portion ofthe slot countersunk to afford a deeper seatV for the head ofthe screwwhereby the `members of the-square are more positively maintained in theangular position correspondingfto the position of said counter-sunk,portion` i The `combination with a square having blade and tonguemembers and a 'pivotal connection between theiradjaCent ends, of vanauxiliary square having blade and tongue members, and means forattaching said auxiliarysquare with an outer edge thereof along an'outer edge of a member of said first square so that said attachedmembers of the squares are in lengthwise overlapping relationship withrespect to each' other and 'theA other member of the auxiliary squareextends vvoutwardly at right-angles'from the member of the main squareto which it is attached'andis adapted to overlap the other member of themain square when said member is swung inwardly as provided for by thepivotal con- I nection between its members.

4. In a combination of a square composed of a blade member, a tonguemember, and a pivotal connection between said members, and each of-saidmembers having a longitudinal scale extending from the axis of theypivotal connection of the members and lengthwise thereof, of anauxiliary square comprising blade and tongue members in fixedrelationship to each other, and means for attachi ing the tongue of theauxiliary square tothe tongueof the main square in lengthwiseoverlapping relationship with respect to each other with the inner edgeof the tongue of the auxiliary square along the said scale on the tongueof the main square projecting from the axis of the pivotal connection ofthe members thereof, and the edges of the blade member being adapted tocooperate with the axial scale on the blade member of the main squarefwhen itis swung inwardlyas provided for by -the pivotal connectionbetween the two members of the main square.

5.' The combination of a main square composed of a blade member, atongue member, Aand a pivotal connection between said members, and eachof said membersl having a longitudinally extending scale extending fromthe axis of the pivotal connection ofthe mem- 10 bers and lengthwisethereof, of an auxiliary square comprising blade and tongue members in-ixed relationship to each other, and a plurality of set screws and aplurality of apertures in the corresponding members for at- 15 tacliingthe tongue of the auxiliary square in any one of a plurality of'positions along the tongue of the main square in lengthwise overlappingrelationship with respect to each other with the inner edge of thetongue of 520 the auxiliary square along the said scale on the tongueyof the main square projecting from the axis of the pivotal connection ofthe vmembers thereof, and the edges of the blade member being adapted tocooperate with the axial scale on theblade' member of the main squarewhen it is swung inwardly as provided for by the pivotal connectionbetween `the two members of the main square.

6. The combination of a main square and `10 an auxiliary square, eachhaving blade and tongue members, the blade and tongue of the main squarebeing pivotally connected, wherein a member of each of the squares isprovided with a plurality of equally spaced 255 apertures arranged sothat they will coincide and the outer edges of the members alsocoincide, and a pair offastening members cooperating with a pair of theapertures in the members of the two squares Jfor securing the o squarestogether.

In testimony whereof he affxes his signature.

ISAIE DION.

